The striking velocity and bullet mass establish a bullet’s potential for damage, and set the limit on the tissue disruption produced.įackler derived wound profiles of bullets of varying mass and velocities*: Finally, rapid expansion of cavity can do severe damage at significant distance from wound path depending on tissue struck. Alternating positive and negative pressure in wound track pulls foreign material and bacteria into wound track. The temporary cavity undulates 5 – 10 milliseconds then comes to rest as a permanent track. The maximum cavity diameter occurs at point of maximum loss of kinetic energy (maximum yaw or fragmentation). High velocity rifle bullets produce “tail splash” which is the rearward propulsion of injured tissue and a large temporary cavity 11 to 12.5 times the diameter of the projectile. Wounds Caused by High-Velocity Rifle Bullets Shored exit wounds may mimic the marginal abrasion of entrance wounds.Edges can be reapproximated (tissue is torn or lacerated).Atypical entrance wounds include re-entry wounds, wounds from shrapnel of secondary targets, graze/gutter wounds, ricochet and keyhole wounds.
The presence of marginal abrasion distinguishes entrance wound from exit wound.A round to oval defect in which the edges cannot be re-approximated (tissue is destroyed).
357 Magnum 125 grains JSP Remington, velocity 1390 ft/sec, 14.1 inch penetration. 45 Caliber 185 grains Silvertip Winchester, velocity 940 ft/sec, 9.8 inch penetration. Typically, the amount of kinetic energy lost in the tissue is insufficient to cause remote injury typical of high muzzle velocity weapons. Wounds caused by Hand GunsĬomparatively speaking hand guns create wounds that have a small temporary cavity, a direct path of destruction with minimal lateral extension. The extent of the penetration and temporary cavity and the resulting injury is different depending on the type of firearm and ammunition used.
#BULLET PROJECTILE FULL#
Full (ball, armor piercing, tracer dim, tracer bright, incendiary, armor-piercing incendiary).Bullet – including lead (+/- gilding), metal-jacketed (lead or steel core covered by copper/zinc, steel, copper/nickel or aluminum).Propellant (gunpowder) – including ball, flattened ball, flake.Cartridge case – including brass, steel or aluminum, straight, bottleneck, tapered (obsolete), rimmed, semi-rimmed, rimless, rebated, belted.Machine guns – including belt-fed and magazine-fedĪmmunition for these small arms include the following.Shotguns – including single-shot, double-barrel, bolt-action, lever-action, pump-action, auto-loading.Rifles – including single-shot, lever-action, bolt-action, pump-action, auto-loading.Handguns – including single-shot pistols, Derringers, revolvers, auto-loading pistols.The ultimate extent of the wound is determined by the kinetic energy on impact, extent of the temporary cavity and the amount of bullet fragmentation.357 MAGNUM WOUND – Wound profiles by Martin Fackler * Firearms are divided into the following
#BULLET PROJECTILE SERIES#
The temporary stress cavity exists for around 5 to 10 milliseconds with a series of gradually smaller pulsations & contractions before the formation of a permanent wound track. In addition, the energy of the impact is dissipated in a shock wave that radially flings surrounding tissue away from the path of the projectile, creating a cavity larger than the diameter of the bullet, this is the temporary stress cavity. W = weight of the projectile V = velocity of the projectile g = gravitational acceleration What happens when a projectile impacts a human body?Īs the bullet enters the body it crushes and shreds tissue in its path – this creates a permanent cavity – the “bullet hole”. The amount of energy that the projectile possesses is found in the following formula. The damage caused by projectiles is a function of their kinetic energy, which is transferred to the victim on impact. Dr Andrew provides an evaluation of firearm Injuries, and the tissue damage associated with them.
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